Validation case

Concentric-tube resonators

Against measured transmission loss, for the concentric-tube resonators (Sullivan and Crocker, 1978), SpectraSim gives: main peak 7–10 % lower in frequency than measured, peak levels within about 2 dB; humps within 1 dB.

SpectraSim 0.6.0a1 · Measured · Row in the validation table

≈ 2 dB peak levels against measured
Quarter cutaway of a concentric-tube resonator: a perforated inner tube runs through a cylindrical chamber between the inlet and outlet pipes; arrows show the flow along the tube.
Concentric-tube resonators (Sullivan and Crocker, 1978). Cut away to show the inside.
Results

How close is SpectraSim?

Main peak 7–10 % lower in frequency than measured, peak levels within about 2 dB; humps within 1 dB.

Transmission loss 0 to 3600 Hz of the two resonators of Sullivan and Crocker (their Figs. 6 and 7): the SpectraSim curve against measured points read from the paper’s figures, with ±3 % and ±1.5 dB reading bars.
SpectraSim (current release; 50 Hz steps, 10 Hz around the main peaks) against the measured points read from the paper’s figures.

Model and set-up

Reference
Measured transmission loss
  • Perforated tube, inner diameter 50.8 mm, in a chamber of 76.2 mm; holes 2.49 mm in a 0.81 mm wall.
  • Two lengths: 66.7 mm with 3.7 % open area (the paper’s Fig. 6) and 257.2 mm with 3.8 % (Fig. 7).
  • Perforate impedance: Sullivan and Crocker’s own fit to their measured perforate; air at 20 °C, no mean flow, anechoic ends.

How to read the result

  • The measured values are read from the paper’s figures (about ±3 % in frequency and ±1.5 dB), so the comparison is generous and says so.
  • The 3-D finite-element resonance sits below the measured one and is converged in the mesh. At this size (k r = 0.9 at the resonance) the field is no longer plane, which a 1-D model cannot show.
  • Main peaks in the plotted run: 20.9 dB at 2020 Hz against about 21.5 dB at 2175 Hz measured (Fig. 6), and 16.4 dB at 2280 Hz against about 18.8 dB at 2400 Hz (Fig. 7).
  • The low-frequency humps are within 1 dB of the measurement.

Check it on your own muffler.

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